Which type of annuity would typically allow a beneficiary to claim against it after the annuitant's death?

A life annuity with a survivor benefit is the correct choice because it is specifically designed to provide continued income to a surviving beneficiary after the death of the annuitant. This type of annuity ensures that, even after the annuitant passes away, a predetermined amount is paid to the designated beneficiary, thereby providing financial support and continuity of income.

In contrast, a registered individual annuity typically refers to tax-advantaged accounts but does not inherently provide a post-death benefit to beneficiaries. An impaired life annuity is structured for individuals with health issues, focusing on higher payouts due to a potentially shorter life expectancy, but it does not guarantee survivor benefits. A life annuity without guarantees ceases payments upon the annuitant's death, leaving beneficiaries without recourse for claiming further benefits, as there are no continued payments to them. Thus, the key feature of a life annuity with a survivor benefit distinguishes it as the correct answer for this question.